The best books on how Americans solve problems as individual citizens (rather than waiting for rescuers!)

French observer Alexis de Tocqueville visited America in its pioneer days and distilled the new nation’s most distinctive qualities. The bulwark of our democracy, he concluded, is citizens who voluntarily pool their labor, money, and expertise to improve society. “Americans of all ages, stations in life, and all types of dispositions are forever forming associations....At the head of any new undertaking where in France you would find the government, or in England some great lord, in the United States you are sure to find an association.”

What impressed the French visitor about voluntary action in the U.S. was not just its practical ability to fix things but the way it builds up the social muscles we need to govern ourselves. Our voluntary groups are the source of a healthy democracy.

Everyday neighbors acting to fix our own problems is in our founding DNA. Over the last 125 years, another tradition has grown up in our country: the expectation that anyone who makes it really big will subsequently give away lots of wealth to help others prosper.

The archetype for this was John D. Rockefeller, and this is the best narrative of his success—first as a business mogul and then as the most influential philanthropist in history. Rockefeller made many wise gifts that elevated living standards, science, religion, food production, medical research, and more.

The Almanac of American Philanthropy calculates that more than 60 Nobel laureates in medicine, biochemistry, and health had their work accelerated by Rockefeller gifts. 

Many of us know that philanthropists have been central to eradicating disease, that charitable groups are powerful forces against hunger and poverty, and that philanthropy is behind many of our greatest educational successes. But did you know that private donors were largely responsible for making America the world leader in rocketry? That they willed the fields of aeronautics and biomedical engineering into existence.

During World War II, it was not a government agency but rather a philanthropist who jumpstarted the rollout of radar and then rescued the effort to create atomic weapons after it had bogged down in our defense bureaucracy. With this book, you can marvel at the WWII heroics accomplished by entrepreneur and generous giver Alfred Loomis.

Giving in America is not just a hobby of the rich. The vast bulk of the charity we offer up in cash and volunteer labor comes from the middle of our society, not the wealthy. Foundations and corporations provide only about a quarter of U.S. donations.

The mass nature of our charity was described by Richard Cornuelle in this groundbreaking 1965 book. He coined the term “independent sector” to describe the vast array of American institutions that are neither private companies nor agencies of government yet take responsibility for solving public predicaments. He warns that we must cherish our tradition of decentralized community repair.

If we “bundle off to Washington” the responsibility for all improvement and healing of society, we’ll lose one of our nation’s greatest assets.

While most Americans make charitable gifts every year, people don’t give at uniform rates—there are vast differences by faith, family structure, political views, geography, and business involvement. For instance, people who worship every week give away three times as much money as those who rarely or never worship, and religious people are twice as likely to volunteer (for secular as well as faith-based causes).

Brooks shows that generosity isn’t just healthy for the nation; it makes the givers happier as well. He cites a host of social science studies demonstrating that charitable Americans are much more likely to be satisfied with life than non-givers who are demographically identical.